Cyber–Physical Security in Agi-Integrated Systems: A Multi-Layered Framework for Trusted Intelligent Infrastructures in the Age of Autonomous Computation and Human–Machine Synergy

Abstract

The integration of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) into cyber–physical systems (CPS) marks a transformative evolution in technological ecosystems. While AGI promises enhanced autonomy, adaptability, and real-time decision-making, it simultaneously exposes CPS architectures to unprecedented levels of security vulnerability. This paper explores the concept of cyber–physical security within AGI-integrated environments, emphasizing the convergence of digital intelligence, physical control systems, and human-in-the-loop oversight. It investigates multi-layered defense mechanisms, adaptive resilience models, and hybrid security protocols essential for protecting AGI-enabled infrastructures across industrial, military, healthcare, and transportation domains. The study also highlights the emerging challenges of explainability, ethical governance, and trust calibration in securing AGI-based CPS networks.

KEYWORDS: Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), Cyber–Physical Systems (CPS), Security Architecture, Adaptive Defense, Human–Machine Interaction, Autonomous Infrastructure, Cognitive Security, Resilience Engineering