Evaluating Municipal Solid Waste Leachate Effects on Nearby Surface and Groundwater Sources

Abstract

The rapid urbanization of Indian towns and cities has led to increased generation of municipal solid waste (MSW). Improper landfill management and the absence of leachate treatment mechanisms have become serious environmental threats, particularly for water resources. This study investigates the physicochemical properties of leachate from open dumpsites and its percolation into surrounding water bodies. Sampling and laboratory analysis were conducted near three municipal landfills to assess leachate impacts on pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), heavy metals, and microbial contamination levels. The paper also explores remediation techniques such as bio-reactive barriers, clay liners, and constructed wetlands. Policy gaps and recommendations for effective waste management strategies are discussed in detail to support future planning and infrastructure investment.

KEYWORDS: Leachate, Municipal Waste, Surface Water Pollution, Groundwater Contamination, Landfill Management.