Assessing The Impact of Industrial Effluents on River Water Quality: A Case Study Approach

Abstract

Rivers are vital for freshwater supply, yet they face escalating threats from unchecked industrial pollution. This paper explores the impact of industrial effluents on river systems using detailed case studies from regions in India with significant industrial presence. It focuses on analyzing heavy metal concentrations, organic load, and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) levels before and after effluent discharge. Using water quality index (WQI) and statistical modeling tools, the study establishes a strong correlation between industrial zones and degradation in river water quality. The research also examines compliance gaps in effluent treatment norms and evaluates the effectiveness of regulatory enforcement. The paper advocates for real-time water monitoring, stricter compliance regimes, and promotion of cleaner production technologies in industries to protect freshwater ecosystems.

KEYWORDS: Industrial Effluents, River Pollution, Water Quality Index, BOD, Compliance Monitoring.